College of Charleston Libraries bar color

library policy #17: Collection Development Policy

0.0 CONTENTS


1.0 Introduction

The mission of the College of Charleston library states:

The library…is to make available the records of intellectual endeavors consistent with the present and anticipated teaching, research and service programs of the College of Charleston and the University of Charleston. In order to fulfill this mission and remain at the center of the academic enterprise, the library staff acquires, organizes, disseminates, delivers and preserves information resources. With the growing availability of information in electronic formats, in addition to in-house collection, the library becomes the major gateway on campus for access to local, regional, national and international information resources.

The effort of collection development and maintenance is not based on subjective choice or chance selection but rooted in the principles of librarianship which use systematic acquisitions policies based on meaningful data to build collections. The collection development policy is designed for use as a long-range planning tool, as a means of communicating the collection goals of the librarians, and as a guideline for day-to-day selection decisions.

1.1 Commentary on College Statement of Institutional Goals and library Mission Statement

The Statement of Institutional Goals makes it clear that the library, including the Marine Resources Library, has the primary responsibility for acquiring intellectual records in all formats. Still, some other educational support units of the College such as the John Rivers Communications Museum, the Avery Research Center, the Office of Media and Technology and the Academic Computing Department also have responsibilities for collecting certain types of intellectual records such as computer software and non-print media. The library provides resources which support curricular interests in all academic areas where the College instructs students. The attempt to match library holdings to curricular interests and research is a complex, ongoing process which both the Statement of Institutional Goals and the library Mission Statement recognize. Both statements accept the importance of currency in building library collections.
The library's goal is to show the growth and development of scholarship in areas where the College offers courses and not simply to provide representative coverage. The library must acquire new material each year in order to support a modern curriculum. Further, the library, through collection development policy, must make some effort to anticipate future needs. Therefore, the selection of library materials is not only limited to those items required for specific course or subject areas, but must also include representative materials from emerging and related fields of the curriculum. Because of the relationship between successful teaching and academic research, the library also assumes responsibility to support faculty research, while recognizing that these special needs of individual faculty members shall not normally exceed 10% of the annual academic departmental library budget. The library, however, recognizes that support for research in areas of graduate study may exceed this level. Through cooperative loan services and through its involvement in statewide and regional purchasing cooperatives to secure electronic full text information, the library makes a special effort to facilitate faculty research. Fundamentally the library's goal is to support fully any faculty member in the preparation of lectures, in research related to teaching, and in the preparation of grant proposals.
To a lesser degree, the library also attempts to select materials which assist the College's administrative and service personnel in the effective performance of their duties. Finally, the library provides some material which encourages recreational reading. While the library makes no effort to purchase materials which serve the varied needs of the general Charleston community, its resources and services are available to the community as governed by established policies. Moreover, anyone from the Charleston community may make recommendations for library acquisitions.

^ go to top

2.0 Selection

Librarians and teaching faculty share book, journal, and electronic resource selection responsibilities. Together, they are expected to choose library materials which meet the collection development goals of the College of Charleston library.

2.1 Responsibilities of the Faculty

The selection of library materials is an important responsibility of the teaching faculty. Faculty members submit requests for library materials which support their curricular and research needs. Each academic department appoints a Departmental Liaison for the library who has an overview of the department's curricular aims and emphasis, as well as a strong knowledge of the library's collection in the subject area. Individual faculty members initiate order requests for books and serials, and forward them to the Departmental Liaison who authorizes ordering of library materials. In addition, faculty members screen books received through the approval plan, recommend new serial titles, and recommend information resources received electronically. From time to time teaching faculty may assist the library by reviewing and evaluating gift collections, or by reviewing the collections for collection assessment purposes.

2.2 Responsibilities of the Library Liaisons

Library Liaisons are members of the library faculty and staff designated by the Dean of Libraries for collection development responsibilities in various subject areas. Library Liaisons partner with teaching faculty to ensure that the departmental (subject) collections are broad-based, reflecting all of the areas in a given discipline where faculty and students have curricular and research needs. Therefore Library Liaisons regularly initiate order requests for items in their assigned areas. Library Liaisons also review faculty orders. Library Liaisons screen and approve books received through the approval plan and review new serial title requests and cancellations. Further, Library Liaisons identify and evaluate electronic information resources in their assigned subject areas and make recommendations to the Collection Development Committee.

2.3 Responsibilities of the Head, Collection Development Department

The Head, Collection Development Department serves, like other library faculty, as a Library Liaison and has selection responsibilities. The Head, Collection Development, is also responsible for processing all library orders and accounting for purchased library materials. The Head, Collection Development, coordinates the preparation of the detailed collection evaluations for each subject area (see below 5.0). The Head, Collection Development, coordinates the deselection activities.

2.4 Responsibilities of the Collection Development Committee

The Collection Development Committee is responsible for the review and prioritization of all new serial title orders and serial cancellations including requests for electronic information resources. The Collection Development Committee recommends budget allocations for departmental budgets.

2.5 Responsibilities of the Dean of Libraries

The Dean of Libraries selects, reviews, and approves significant additions to the book, serials, and manuscript collections.

^ go to top

3.0 Allocation of Funds

The budget for library materials is comprised of three parts: firm orders, approvals and serials/continuations.

3.1 Firm Orders

The Dean of Libraries allocates a portion of the budget for acquiring books and backfiles of journals. The firm order budget is comprised of individual allocations representing academic disciplines where the College offers major degree programs. In addition, the firm order budget includes funds for interdisciplinary minors without corresponding majors. Both faculty and library liaisons expend funds allocated to subject budgets.
Within this sum, the Dean of Libraries sets aside a portion to purchase materials not usually selected by the faculty. These areas or funds may include but are not limited to: reference, special collections, general humanities, general social science, general science, ethnic studies, replacements, library science, and the Dean of Libraries discretionary fund.
Each spring the library staff in consultation with academic departments develop budget recommendations for the specific components of the firm order budget. The Faculty Committee on the Library, whose responsibility it is to advise the Dean of Libraries on the allotment of funds for departmental and College acquisitions, reviews these recommendations. The final budget recommendations are made by the Dean of Libraries to the Provost and the President.
The library staff, the Faculty Committee on the Library and the Dean of Libraries use a variety of criteria in the budget development and review process including:
  • Size of the department including number of majors, credit hours generated, graduate programs and numbers of faculty.
  • Coverage of the approval plan.
  • Overall monies spent in the subject area.
  • Cost and publication rate of materials in the subject area.
  • Library use expressed through circulation statistics and interlibrary loan statistics.
  • Statements in planning documents regarding future developments in course and program offerings.
  • The number of full-time equivalent faculty.
  • The collecting intensity emphasis as stipulated in each academic department's collection development statement (see Section 5.0.)
The process of allocating the firm order budget begins in the spring once the library has received approval from the President and the Provost for next year's library materials budget. The process culminates in the review of the firm order allocations by the Faculty Committee on the Library. This normally takes place in April.

3.2 Approval Plan

Recognizing that the needs of the College are diverse and that the book selection expertise of individual faculty and librarians can be supplemented in some areas, the Libraries use an approval plan to assure the acquisition of current materials at a reasonable price. The budget for approval books is separate from the budget for firm orders and funds are not allocated to academic departments or by subject areas. Therefore a book selected by a librarian or faculty member from the approval plan does not affect the firm order (departmental) budget. The budget for the approval plan is developed by the Dean of Libraries and presented to the Faculty Committee on the Library and to the Provost each fall as part of the College's planning and budgeting process. The approval budget is finalized each spring once the President and Provost have approved the overall library materials budget. To assure that the approval expenditures stay within the amount allocated, the Head, Collection Development, in consultation with library liaisons, maintains approval profiles that reflect the teaching and research requirements of the College.

3.3 Serials/Continuations/Electronic Information Resources

The budget for serials, continuations, and electronic information resources is largely determined by the cost of ongoing serial subscriptions plus an inflation rate. Because of the ongoing nature of serials, costs must be monitored rigorously. The Dean of Libraries develops the budget for serials and presents it each fall to the Provost and the Faculty Committee on the library as part of the College's planning and budgeting process. The Dean finalizes the serials budget in the spring once the President and Provost have approved the overall library materials budget. Decisions will be based on the criteria previously outlined as well as the following:
  • Coverage of the serial in standard indexing services held by the library.
  • Availability of the titles elsewhere in the local area although core collection serials will be duplicated at the College regardless of their availability elsewhere.

Titles borrowed via interlibrary loan on a regular and continuing basis.

(Note: Some electronic information resources may not require recurring budgetary support and therefore are not part of the "continuations" budget.)

^ go to top

4.0 Library Materials

4.1 Monographs

A monograph is a single title, dealing systematically and in detail with one subject or class of subjects. The Libraries add monographs to their collections via firm orders, the approval plan and gifts.
4.1.1 Firm orders: Individual faculty members request items for purchase and forward requests to the departmental liaisons for review. Following review and approval, the departmental liaisons forward firm orders to library liaisons for approval and the books are ordered. The library liaisons also submit orders for new books. All library patrons are encouraged to make recommendations regarding additions to the library collection.
4.1.2 Approval Plans: Monographs received through the approval plans are subject to the same selection criteria as firm order monographs. Faculty members and librarians review material received weekly through the approval plans and select items for the library collections. The library return material not selected to the approval plan vendors. Each fall the library in conjunction with the academic departments undertakes a review of each approval plan to assure coverage which reflects the teaching and research requirements of the institution and meets the financial limits imposed by approved library materials budget.

4.2 Gifts

The College of Charleston library welcomes, encourages, and solicits gifts of books and journals. The Dean of Libraries accepts all gift materials with the understanding that the College, through the College of Charleston Foundation, becomes the owner of the materials and reserves the right to determine retention, location and disposition. The library accepts the gift material with the further understanding that such materials will be added to the collection only if they meet the existing selection criteria for purchased material. Refer to Gift Policy and Procedures, Policy #2.
The library accepts gifts of serial subscriptions providing they meet the serial selection criteria and providing the donor can insure that the subscription will be maintained for at least three years.

4.3 Government Documents

The College of Charleston is a selective depository for federal government documents. To maintain federal depository status the library complies with federal depository regulations and accepts approximately 15% of all federal documents. Changes to the federal documents profile are made annually. Deselection of federal documents must comply with federal guidelines.
As one of eleven South Carolina State documents depository, the library receives all documents issued by the South Carolina State Documents Depository System and make them available to the public. Deselection of state documents must comply with state guidelines.
The libraries acquire other government documents (local, state, international) to support the curriculum and research needs of the students and faculty.

4.4 Non-Print Media

Non-print materials selected for the library collections are judged on appropriateness as stated in Section 1 of this policy. The Office of Media and Technology collects many non-print media items for the use in classroom. The library purchases media specifically to circulate to faculty and students. Types of materials collected may include but are not limited to: curriculum lab materials used for training in math, science, education, etc., foreign language study materials, and general interest materials made available through public television or other similar media. Normally, no more than 5% of the book materials budget will be expended on non-print media. Equipment to view or play all non-print material may not always be available in the library. (See also College of Charleston Libraries Policy #9)

4.5 Electronic Information Resources

Databases of bibliographic citations, abstracts and full text, electronic journals, electronic books and other electronic information resources selected for the library collections are judged on appropriateness as stated in Section 1 of this policy.
Databases, electronic journals, and electronic books selected for the College of Charleston Libraries’ collections are judged on appropriateness as stated in Section 1 of this policy. The Collection Development Committee, under the direction of the Dean of Libraries, will oversee additions to the Libraries’ Electronic Collections.
If a new serial is available in print or electronic format, electronic format is preferred. For those serials which we own both in print and electronic formats, print will be canceled in preference for the electronic format.
The following exceptions will apply:
For those serials which are embargoed for unsatisfactory periods of time a print subscription may be continued.
If graphics, tables, color plates, etc., cannot be reproduced satisfactorily for researchers in electronic format, print subscriptions may be continued.
If an aggregated database is considered “unstable”, i.e., indexing is uneven or the aggregator cannot assure continued long-term access, print subscriptions may be continued.
If electronic access is dependent on a print subscription, the subscription may be retained.
If the publisher has no commitment to providing continued access to the electronic archive, the print subscription may be retained.
Electronic collections have no recurring binding, shelving, reshelving, or storage costs. There is no check in necessary. Published studies have documented the monetary cost savings of electronic versus print storage. Moving to electronic journal storage allows the Libraries to distribute information to many more users, to serve multiple users at once, to serve users remotely, and to put saved monies from binding and storage costs into additional resources for students and faculty.

4.6 Microforms

Microforms encompass microfilm, microfiche, ultra fiche, and microprint. While the library has determined that the first three formats are acceptable for library users, microprint should only be purchased as last resort since it requires special viewing and copying equipment which is not available in Charleston.
4.6.1 Format
When microfilm is purchased, 35mm is preferred over 16mm if both are available. The preferred format form microfiche is 4" x 6". Reduction ratios between 12x and 24x and positive film are preferred for all microforms.
Microforms for those materials which the library acquires for archival purposes are purchased on silver halide when available. All other microforms are acquired on diazo or vesicular film or fiche.
4.6.2 Justification for Adding Microform
The Libraries prefer to add paper copies and/or electronic copies in lieu of microforms. The purchase of microforms is justified in the following cases:
  • To provide access to materials which are unavailable in paper or electronic format.
  • To provide access to materials which, in paper or electronic format, would be prohibitively expensive.
  • To supplement paper copies of heavily used materials.
  • To make available to the public a working copy of a unique item or materials which, because of its historical, monetary, or bibliographic value may be restricted.
  • To acquire large book collections which add an appropriate level of research depth.
  • To acquire material subject to mutilation or theft.
4.6.3 Selection
Beyond the criteria which are particular to microforms, all microforms added will be subject to the regular selection criteria for books, journals, and electronic information resources.

4.7 Reference Collection

4.7.1 Subject Scope and Location
The reference collection is a collection of materials in both print and electronic formats. Reference materials are normally limited to resources that provide either brief factual data or a means of finding information in another source such as an index or bibliography. Not all resources called encyclopedias, dictionaries, handbooks and the like are appropriate for a reference collection. Timeliness is a priority for most reference works and earlier editions of some reference items are often placed in the general collections.
4.7.2 Selection Responsibility
The immediate responsibility for the selection and maintenance of the reference collection lies with the reference librarians coordinated by the Head, Reference Services. Library liaisons and faculty members may also recommend titles to the Head, Reference Services.
4.7.3 Selection Criteria
In addition to conforming to the general criteria for selection of monographs, serials, and electronic information resources, reference material are selected according to the following criteria:
  • The strengths and weaknesses of the existing collection
  • Favorable reviews or mentions in reference collection guides
  • Reputation of the author or publisher
  • Currency of the topic and likelihood of continuing importance
  • Date and price of the material
  • Language, English language preferred
  • For retrospective works, annotations in standard and specialized guides such as Balay's Guide to Reference Books.
The reference librarians search the professional literature (such as LJ, Choice, Against the Grain, Booklist/Subscription Books Bulletin, Journal of Academic Librarianship, College and Research Library, RQ, RSR, and ARBA) to insure that appropriate works are represented within the reference collection. In addition, the Head, Reference Services, reviews books received on approval, and from the depository program for addition to the reference collection. Books ordered as firm orders and not on the reference budget may only be added to the reference collection after consultation with the appropriate library liaison. The reference collection is periodically evaluated against standard bibliographies such as Balay and Walford.
4.7.4 Types of Reference Material Added to the Collection
A variety of print materials are regularly added to the reference collection including encyclopedias, dictionaries, bibliographies, directories, biographical sources, almanacs, atlases, gazetteers, concordances, indexes/abstracts, legal codes, statistical sources and style manuals. Reference materials area also available electronically, in CD-ROM, and on the World Wide Web.
4.7.5 Weeding the Reference Collection
Periodic evaluation of the works already in the reference collection is as important as acquisition of new materials. Careful, regular, and systematic weeding insures a collection of up-to-date, quality resources.
The Head, Reference Services, is responsible for weeding the collection, following the same guidelines in weeding as in acquisition of new material. Some general criteria to be followed in weeding are:
  • Significance of the publication
  • Availability of later editions unless there is unique material in earlier editions
  • Age and currency of the work; significance of retrospective and historical works to the discipline
  • Demand for the item
  • Available shelf space
  • Physical condition
  • Availability in another format, such as electronic format
The reference collection is weeded in two ways: automatic replacement when a new edition arrives and periodic weeding by reference librarians. In the latter case, each summer the Head, Reference Services, schedules a reference librarian to review a section of the collection. The reference librarians may seek the opinions of the faculty and other librarians to make weeding decisions.

4.8 Serials/Continuations

The library adheres to the definition of a serial as stated in the Anglo-American Rules, 2nd edition: " A publication in any medium issued in successive parts bearing numerical or chronological designations and intended to be continued indefinitely. Serials include periodicals; newspapers; annuals (reports, yearbooks, etc.); the journals, memoirs, proceedings, transactions, etc., of societies; and numbered monographic series."
This section of the policy also covers continuations including periodicals, serials, monographic series or any other title for which library orders, once placed, will stand, be renewed, or continued in effect until the title is specifically canceled.
4.8.1 Serials Selection Criteria
As in the case of monographic acquisitions, serials should be selected to support the teaching requirements of the College and to assist the research activities of the faculty and students.
When selecting new serial titles, consideration should be given to the reputation of the issuing organization, the language of the serial, the availability of indexing, and the cost of the serial. Standing orders for monographic series will be initiated only when the series as a whole is of a consistently high quality and of outstanding scholarly value.
When a monographic series subject scope is of a broad nature crossing multiple academic departments, standing orders should not be placed unless charged to one of the general or interdisciplinary funds.
4.8.2 Review of Serial Selection
Initiation and Review of New Serial Titles and Electronic Information Resources - After approval of the next year's budget (usually in April), the Dean of Libraries will solicit recommendations of new continuation/serial titles from the academic departments. The academic departments should submit their requests in priority order to the Collection Development Department to determine accurate price, availability and holdings information.
Review by Library Liaisons - Serial Request Forms will be forwarded to the appropriate Library Liaison for review. Library Liaisons will review the priorities noting any changes in priority that they recommend. In addition Library Liaisons may suggest additional titles to be added to the departments requests.
Review by Collection Development Committee - The Collection Development Committee's responsibility is to (1) determine whether the titles adhere to the Serials Selection Criteria (Section 4.7.1) and (2) to determine and equitable distribution of the available funds. The Committee will inform the academic departments of the decisions on ordering and forward to the Collection Development Department the final list of New Serial Titles to be ordered during the coming year.
4.8.3 Order Placement
The Collection Development Department is responsible for the processing for new serial titles and electronic information resource requests including: ordering, receiving, claiming, payment, and record maintenance. (Exception: The MRL receives and claims its serials). The Collection Development Department is also responsible for coding serial records with established subject/fund codes. The Collection Development Department maintains a current list of serials (with costs) organized by department (code).
4.8.4 Government Document Serials
Government Document Serials like other serials must meet the selection criteria outlined in Section 4.8.1 of this policy. United States federal documents can only be added twice a year when the Government Printing Office distributes the Survey Updates to the List of Classes of United States Government Publications Available for Selection by Depository library.
4.8.5 Cancellation Criteria
All requests for cancellation should be submitted to the Collection Development Committee for further review.
The Serials Selection Criteria should be used to evaluate titles recommended for cancellation. In addition, the Collection Development Committee may consider the following:
  • Is the title held by a CALC member?
  • Is the title of a multi-disciplinary nature? If so, have all academic departments concerned been consulted?
  • Is there evidence of low use of this item?
  • Is the title duplicated in another format?

4.9 Duplicate/Multiple Copies

In order to provide the broadest possible range of materials in support of the curriculum and research, the library will not normally purchase multiple copies or duplicate books, serials or non-print media. A duplicate is defined as a copy of the same edition. Different editions contain new, deleted, or revised information. Reprints and different printings do not constitute different editions.
For reserve materials however, the library does attempt to acquire sufficient copies to meet the demands of students. Normally, this is the only exception to the guideline on duplicates/multiple copy purchases. The Head of the Circulation Department notifies the appropriate library liaison whenever demand for a reserve item warrants the purchase of additional copies. The Head of Circulation uses the following guidelines:
  • Is the book required reading or merely recommended?
  • Is the entire book required or only a portion?
  • For how many semesters is the book likely to be on reserve?
  • How many students are enrolled in the course?
  • Is the item available electronically?
Approving the requests for multiple copies from any source is the responsibility of the Library Liaison. Duplicate materials received as gifts or on exchange are subject to the same guidelines for addition to the collection as materials purchased from library funds.

4.10 Textbooks

Most college level textbooks and their accompanying manuals, workbooks, and other auxiliary materials are by nature introductory and tend to become rapidly outdated. For these reasons the library will not normally purchase textbooks. The libraries does not purchase textbooks which are currently used in classes and intended to be purchased by students. In the case of some disciplines (Computer Sciences, Business Administration, Education, and the sciences), textbook acquisition may be essential. It is the responsibility of the library and departmental liaisons to make this determination on a case-by-case basis. The library maintains a small collection of elementary and secondary school textbooks for use by education students and faculty.

4.11 Special Collections

See Special Collections - Collection Management Policy, Policy #31.

^ go to top

5.0 Detailed Collection Assessment Methodology

6.0 Weeding (Deselection)

Weeding (de-selection) is the process of withdrawing obsolete or damaged materials from the library' collections. The process is recommended by the ALA Standards for College Libraries. The Deselection Task Force, under the direction of the Assistant Director for Technical Services, the Head, Collection Development, is primarily responsible for weeding. Since the relocation or discarding of library materials involves the changing of records, it is itself a fairly costly operation; therefore, the selection of titles for weeding must be careful and deliberate. See Policy #19, Withdrawal of Library Materials.

6.1 Criteria

Since library collections should contain the material most likely to be used by the College of Charleston students, faculty, and staff, the same criteria apply to weeding as apply to the selection of new materials.
6.1.1 Timeliness/Obsolescence
The library considers withdrawing materials that contain dated or incorrect information such as that found in textbooks over ten years old, superseded (earlier) editions, topical material over ten years old in the social sciences and sciences, and superseded almanacs, yearbooks, manuals and directories.
6.1.2 Duplication
The library may consider withdrawing materials that contain information duplicated in other library holdings such as seldom-used duplicate copies, titles in areas where sufficient coverage exists, or duplication in another format.
6.1.3 Damaged Materials
The library may consider withdrawing worn, mutilated or badly marked items according to the Policy on Withdrawn Library Materials (Policy #19).
6.1.4 Government Documents
State and federal government documents received on deposit are subject to special regulations regarding discard. These regulations must be adhered to whenever government documents are discarded.

6.2 Role of Deselection Task Force

The Deselection Task Force is appointed by the Dean of Libraries each year and is chaired by the Head, Collection Development. This Task Force is charged the withdrawal of materials deemed unsuitable to the library collections. The Dean of Libraries sets annual goals for the number of items to be discarded.

^ go to top

Drafted: Collection Development Committee May 19, 1986
Reviewed: Librarians May 29, 1986
Approved: Director of library June 16, 1986
Revised: Director of library March 1, 1988
Reviewed: Librarians March 4, 1988
Approved: Director of library March 4, 1988
Reviewed: Librarians April 11, 1991
Approved: Director of library April 12, 1991
Revised: Dean of Libraries August 20, 1991
Reviewed: Librarians October 17, 1991
Approved: Dean of Libraries October 22, 1991
Revised: Dean of Libraries August 23, 1994
Reviewed: Librarians September 1, 1994
Approved: Dean of Libraries September 2, 1994
Drafted: Head, Collection Development June 27, 2001
Reviewed: Librarians August 8, 2001
Approved: Dean of Libraries August 8, 2001
Drafted: Head, Collection Development June 2004
Reviewed: Librarians November 18, 2004
Approved: Dean of Libraries November 18, 2004

^ go to top

box top
Phone: (843)953.5530 | Fax: (843)953.8019
College of Charleston Libraries | 205 Calhoun Street
Mailing Address: 66 George Street, Charleston, South Carolina, 29424